Explain electric motor in detail?

Electric motor 

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through the interaction of magnetic fields. It consists of several key components, including a coil of wire (usually copper) known as the armature, a stationary magnetic field typically generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets, and a commutator or a brush system.

Here's a breakdown of how it works

Basic Principle: When electric current flows through the wire coil (armature) in the presence of a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the wire, causing it to rotate. This is based on the principle of electromagnetism, where a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force.

Magnetic Fields: The stationary magnetic field is established in the motor's stator (stationary part) and interacts with the magnetic field produced by the electric current flowing through the armature. The interaction creates a torque, resulting in the rotation of the armature.

Commutator or Brush System: In DC (direct current) motors, the direction of current in the armature needs to be reversed periodically to maintain continuous rotation. This is achieved using a commutator, a rotary switch that reverses the direction of current in the coil. In AC (alternating current) motors, the direction of the current naturally alternates, eliminating the need for a commutator.

Rotor and Stator: The armature is often referred to as the rotor, as it rotates, and the stationary part with the magnetic field is called the stator. The rotor is connected to the shaft, which is the output of the motor.

Types of Motors: There are various types of electric motors, including DC motors (with brushes or brushless), AC motors (synchronous or asynchronous), and specialized motors for specific applications.

In summary, an electric motor harnesses the principles of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, facilitating a wide range of applications from household appliances to industrial machinery.